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After being left out of history books for more than half a century, Jean Jérome Augustin Bussiere, a French doctor who lived in China from 1913 to 1954, returned to the public eye in June 2015 when China’s State media outlet CCTV broadcast the documentary Once Upon a Time in Bussiere’s Garden.
The documentary was made after the Chinese government held a conference in March 2014 celebrating the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and France, at which Chinese President Xi Jinping identified Bussiere as a Frenchman who had “made great contributions to the historical development of China.” In addition, France held a photo exhibition in Paris this June that told the story of the forgotten doctor’s life in China.
According to historical records, Bussiere was a witness to many of China’s most historic milestones during his stay in the country, from the fall of the Qing Dynasty （1644-1912） to the founding of the Republic of China （ROC）, from fighting against Japan during World War II （1937-1945） to the Civil War （1945-1949）, and then to the founding of the People’s Republic of China （PRC） in 1949. During the process, he was as much a participant as an onlooker, keeping in close touch with influential officials and politicians and even getting involved in war before finally leaving the country due to political reasons.
The documentary opens with a voice-over by the doctor’s son, Jean Louis Bussiere. “I was a two-year-old child when my father passed away [in France], so [he has] remained a mystery to me. I wanted to know who were those people standing beside him in the photos and how he got deep into Chinese society. It is a fascinating phase of history and few people know about it.” Jean Jérome Augustin Bussiere
Bussiere’s Salons
Born in 1872, Bussiere received his medical degree at a French naval medical institute and practiced medicine in several French colonies before he arrived in China in 1913. Although China was buffeted by social and political upheaval at that time – the Qing Dynasty had collapsed and warlords jostled for regional supremacy – it was a brand new phase of life for Bussiere. He swiftly earned a reputation among China’s upper classes for his superb medical skills.
According to the documentary, Bussiere introduced some vaccines and surgical tools to China, impressing a great many Chinese people who were previously skeptical about Western medicine. The doctor’s son found many notes sent from the era’s rich and famous among the late Bussiere’s things. There were even invitations from royals, proving Bussiere’s high social status at the time. Besides high-ranking officials and nobles, Bussiere’s patients even included politician and general Yuan Shikai, who was elected the ROC’s first president in 1913 and then attempted to revive China’s monarchy by having himself declared Emperor in 1915. As Yuan’s medical consultant, Bussiere performed the final operation on “Emperor” Yuan, who died of uremia.
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